In theory none. They are the exact same thing. At least they claim to be the exact same thing.
I found it difficult to differentiate between difference in “interpretation” and difference within the “torah it self”, namely the first 5 books (it’s 5 not 6, unless you count joshua’s book as torah too). The difference is not clear cut. In a sense, the torah itself is exactly the same.
Even when the ancient scrolls are slightly different septuagint/masoretic/and dead sea scrolls, christians would claim that the their torah is the same, namely one of those version is “the right” version and that’s the original one (whatever that is) and that the hebrew version (original) is the correct one. Christians would claim that they did their best to translate the torah to be as close as the original as possible and that “their” torah is the exact same thing with jewish torah.
However, if I put differences in interpretation well, it does cover “a lot more”. After all, interpretation of Torah rather than Torah itself that matters more.
Some obvious differences:
1. I could also add that the verses and number differs but the verses are not part of the original right?
2. I’ve heard the title is different. Christians name those first 5 books based on the theme, namely genesis, exodus, levitichus, numbers, and deuteronomy. Again title is not part of the book, so it’s not really a difference in the books itself.
3. Christians first 5 books are in english. Again most christians are aware that they have a translation and I am not sure this count as real “differences” between 5 books.
Most christians agree that their english version is a translation of the torah rather than the real torah. Some like King James only version may think that the english translation is divine but well, they’re not majority.
1. Some actual differences in the torah due to actual different sources. This is more of a difference between what people think is the original rather than differences between Jewish and Christian tradition. Sample is Deuteronomy 32:8-9 where christians translation sometimes use the dead sea scroll and septuagint that use children of God rather than children of Israel. It’s a very important verse because it decide whether YHWH is the God of all universe or a mere God of a small nomadic (not to mention genocidal) tribe. More info about that is http://www.thedivinecouncil.com/DT32BibSac.pdf
2. Actual vagueness in the Torah itself give a certain leeway in translation and interpretation. The word elohim, for example, is a homonym that can be (correctly?) translated as God or angels or power. Okay, maybe I am wrong here. But that as far as most christians go when it comes to understanding torah given our language limitation. English translation tend to hide the controversy. Քրիստոնյաներ, are more “open” to the idea of anthropomorphic God. Ի դեպ, the idea that God incarnates at least once is the central theme of christianity. You can see discussion here: https://sites.google.com/site/yahwehelohiym/the-messengers/jacob-wrestles-with-a-man and http://www.mayfieldsalisbury.org/files/SermonSunday17thOctober.pdf. And if He did it once chance is it’s not the only time. Most christians believe that God is among the 3 men that Abraham saw. Jews do not like that interpretation. Christians are somewhat confused. Atheists like that most because they want to show how absurd the whole thing is. Most christians do not know that elohym is homonym. Most christians do not even read the bible let alone dig into what’s behind the english translation. If the translation says Jacob wrestle with God, then God it is for most christians.
Some background on #2
Most christians learn Torah through their native language translation instead of hebrew.
English speaking christians only have 2 words to describe God. YHWH (I don’t know the vowel, I don’t want to know), Adonai is translated as Lord. El and Elohim is translated as God. Lord in english is not even a word for օրինակrds, for example, are typically not divine. In south east Asia the word God is translated as Allah and the word Lord becomes Tuhan, which is cognate with non divine lord, “Tuan”.
While aware of Jewish’ tradition of hiding God’s only personal name from ever being uttered out of respect, christians are not familiar with the “extra mile” approach Jews go through. Jehovah witness are christians’ sects that want to make YHWH name famous again.
I can go on explaining how the first 5 books are interpreted differentlՍակայնristians. However, that seems to be beyond the question that simply ask the difference between christians’ torah and jewish torah, which is none.
What do we mean by different 5 books? is a post from: Free Market Forever